time-to-digital converter (TDC)

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A 65-nm CMOS Machine-Learning-Enhanced Bandwidth-Efficient LiDAR

A 65-nm CMOS Machine-Learning-Enhanced Bandwidth-Efficient LiDAR 150 150
Author(s): Pooya Poolad, Foad Arvani, Bahaa Radi, Ping-Hsuan Hsieh, Tony Chan Carusone

Abstract:

We present a proof-of-concept light detection and ranging (LiDAR) signal processing architecture that integrates a machine-learning-enhanced processing unit (PU) with on-chip time-to-digital converters (TDCs) to reduce bandwidth and memory requirements in SPAD-based direct time-of-flight (dToF) systems. The proposed architecture fits a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to photon arrival time distributions …

Published in: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Page(s): 1 – 11
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 1558-173X
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2026.3652972
Publisher: IEEE

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A 1×32 TDC Array With 0.056% Pixel-to-Pixel Variation Using a Global Timer Architecture for LiDAR Applications

A 1×32 TDC Array With 0.056% Pixel-to-Pixel Variation Using a Global Timer Architecture for LiDAR Applications 150 150
Author(s): Hsi-Hao Huang, Zong-Rui Cao, Ying-Ying Cheng, Jia-Yu Lin, Chen-Yi Lee

Abstract:

This letter presents a low pixel-to-pixel variation (PPV) time-to-digital converter (TDC) array designed for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications. The TDC array is implemented in a 0.18- $\mu $ m HV CMOS process, integrated with a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array. SPAD-based LiDAR systems require high-precision timing resolution across the …

Published in: IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters
Page(s): 41 – 44
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 2573-9603
DOI: 10.1109/LSSC.2026.3652323
Publisher: IEEE

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