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A 65 nm Privacy-Preserving Neuromorphic Encoder With 7.13 nJ Efficiency, 2.38 Mb/mm2 2T–2T Item Memory Density and Federated Learning Support

A 65 nm Privacy-Preserving Neuromorphic Encoder With 7.13 nJ Efficiency, 2.38 Mb/mm2 2T–2T Item Memory Density and Federated Learning Support 150 150
Author(s): Boyang Cheng, Jianbo Liu, Steven Davis, Zephan M. Enciso, Likai Pei, Xueji Zhao, Muya Chang, Ningyuan Cao

Abstract:

The increasing demand for privacy-preserving personal data analytics in smart assistants and context-aware systems necessitates hardware that is both energy-efficient and secure. This work presents a 65 nm privacy-preserving neuromorphic encoder that addresses these challenges through physically uncloneable and hardware-efficient encoding. At the core of the architecture is a 2T–2T …

Published in: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Page(s): 1 – 11
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 1558-173X
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2026.3721817
Publisher: IEEE

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FSL-HDnn: A 40-nm Few-Shot On-Device Learning Accelerator With Integrated Feature Extraction and Hyperdimensional Computing

FSL-HDnn: A 40-nm Few-Shot On-Device Learning Accelerator With Integrated Feature Extraction and Hyperdimensional Computing 150 150
Author(s): Weihong Xu, Chang Eun Song, Haichao Yang, Leo Liu, Meng-Fan Chang, Carlos H. Diaz, Tajana Rosing, Mingu Kang

Abstract:

This article introduces FSL-HDnn, an energy-efficient accelerator that implements the end-to-end pipeline of feature extraction (FE) and on-device few-shot learning (FSL). The accelerator addresses fundamental challenges of on-device learning (ODL) for resource-constrained edge applications through two synergistic modules: a parameter-efficient feature extractor (FE) employing weight clustering and an FSL classifier …

Published in: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Page(s): 1 – 12
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 1558-173X
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2026.3709217
Publisher: IEEE

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ASAP: A 28-nm Transformer Training Accelerator With Alternating Sparsity and Asymmetrical Microscaling Precision

ASAP: A 28-nm Transformer Training Accelerator With Alternating Sparsity and Asymmetrical Microscaling Precision 150 150
Author(s): HanGyeol Mun, Jian Meng, Xiaofeng Hu, Yuan Liao, Chun-Ting Chen, Jae-sun Seo

Abstract:

This work presents ASAP, a 28-nm transformer-training accelerator that combines N:M structured sparsity with asymmetric microscaling floating-point (MXFP) precision through a unified algorithm–hardware co-design. ASAP introduces a progressive sparsity schedule in which pruned compute resources are reassigned to increase numerical precision for important weights and activations, stabilizing optimization …

Published in: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Page(s): 1 – 14
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 1558-173X
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2026.3693653
Publisher: IEEE

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Antiferromagnetic Programmable Neuron: Structure, Training, and Pattern Recognition Applications

Antiferromagnetic Programmable Neuron: Structure, Training, and Pattern Recognition Applications 150 150
Author(s): I. Sotnyk, O. Prokopenko

Abstract:

Artificial neurons based on antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin Hall oscillators (SHOs) are promising elements for creating ultrafast, energy-efficient neuromorphic computing systems. These structures can generate picosecond spikes in response to dc and ac electric currents, thereby mimicking the reaction of biological neurons to an external stimulus. However, conventional AFM neurons have …

Published in: IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits
Page(s): 9 – 17
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 2329-9231
DOI: 10.1109/JXCDC.2025.3633490
Publisher: IEEE

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A 7.5-μW 35-Keyword End-to-End Keyword Spotting System With Random Augmented On-Chip Training

A 7.5-μW 35-Keyword End-to-End Keyword Spotting System With Random Augmented On-Chip Training 150 150
Author(s): Hyuk-Jin Lee, Kyunghoon Pyo, Taekwang Jang, Mingoo Seok, SeongHwan Cho

Abstract:

Fully integrated keyword spotting (KWS) systems designed for low-power operation face two major challenges. First, increasing the number of supported keywords significantly raises system complexity and power consumption. Second, most existing systems are not personalized to individual users, as they are trained on data from native English speakers, leading to …

Published in: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Page(s): 1 – 10
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 1558-173X
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2026.3660634
Publisher: IEEE

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Chameleon: A Multiplier-Free Temporal Convolutional Network Accelerator for End-to-End Few-Shot and Continual Learning from Sequential Data

Chameleon: A Multiplier-Free Temporal Convolutional Network Accelerator for End-to-End Few-Shot and Continual Learning from Sequential Data 150 150
Author(s): Douwe den Blanken, Charlotte Frenkel

Abstract:

On-device learning at the edge enables low-latency, private personalization with improved long-term robustness and reduced maintenance costs. Yet, achieving scalable, low-power (LP) end-to-end on-chip learning, especially from real-world sequential data with a limited number of examples, is an open challenge. Indeed, accelerators supporting error backpropagation optimize for learning performance at …

Published in: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Page(s): 1 – 16
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 1558-173X
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2025.3645640
Publisher: IEEE

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SparseCol: A 1320 BTOPS/W Precision-Scalable NPU Exploiting Training-Free Structured Bit-Level Sparsity and Dynamic Dataflow

SparseCol: A 1320 BTOPS/W Precision-Scalable NPU Exploiting Training-Free Structured Bit-Level Sparsity and Dynamic Dataflow 150 150
Author(s): Man Shi, Vikram Jain, Weijie Jiang, Chao Fang, Antony Joseph, Wim Dehaene, Marian Verhelst

Abstract:

Bit-serial computation enables sequential processing of data at the bit level, providing several advantages, such as scalable computational precision. This approach has gained significant attention, especially for exploiting bit-level sparsity (BLS) in AI workloads. While current bit-serial processors leverage BLS to eliminate the computation associated with zero bits, they face …

Published in: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Page(s): 1 – 14
Year of Publication: 2025
Electronic ISSN: 1558-173X
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2025.3636451
Publisher: IEEE

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Space-Mate: A 303.5-mW Real-Time Sparse Mixture-of-Experts-Based NeRF-SLAM Processor for Mobile Spatial Computing

Space-Mate: A 303.5-mW Real-Time Sparse Mixture-of-Experts-Based NeRF-SLAM Processor for Mobile Spatial Computing 150 150
Author(s): Gwangtae Park, Seokchan Song, Haoyang Sang, Dongseok Im, Donghyeon Han, Sangyeob Kim, Hongseok Lee, Hoi-Jun Yoo

Abstract:

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) provides crucial ego-pose information and 3-D maps of the user environment, which are fundamental to emerging mobile spatial computing devices. Dense 3-D mapping and accurate pose estimation are particularly necessary for applications like augmented reality (AR) and autonomous navigation. However, existing SLAM processors are typically …

Published in: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Page(s): 1 – 13
Year of Publication: 2025
Electronic ISSN: 1558-173X
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2025.3610931
Publisher: IEEE

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Energy-Efficient Reconfigurable XGBoost Inference Accelerator With Modular Unit Trees via Selective Node Execution and Data Movement

Energy-Efficient Reconfigurable XGBoost Inference Accelerator With Modular Unit Trees via Selective Node Execution and Data Movement 150 150
Author(s): Chang Eun Song, Yidong Li, Amardeep Ramnani, Pulkit Agrawal, Purvi Agrawal, Sung-Joon Jang, Sang-Seol Lee, Tajana Rosing, Mingu Kang

Abstract:

The extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) has emerged as a powerful AI algorithm, achieving high accuracy and winning multiple Kaggle competitions in various tasks including medical diagnosis, recommendation systems, and autonomous driving. It has great potential for running on edge devices due to its binary tree-based simple computing kernel, offering unique …

Published in: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Page(s): 1 – 13
Year of Publication: 2025
Electronic ISSN: 1558-173X
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2025.3607896
Publisher: IEEE

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