IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits

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A Compact XOR Gate Implemented With a Single Straintronic Magnetic Tunnel Junction

A Compact XOR Gate Implemented With a Single Straintronic Magnetic Tunnel Junction 150 150
Author(s): Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

Abstract:

The XOR Boolean logic gate is widely used in many applications such as encryption (XOR ciphers), binary addition (half- and full-adders), error detection (parity bits), etc. but is challenging to construct because of its demanding conditional dynamics. It typically requires multiple logic switches or other types of gates, which results …

Published in: IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits
Page(s): 1 – 1
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 2329-9231
DOI: 10.1109/JXCDC.2026.3719208
Publisher: IEEE

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Probabilistic Computing With Neuromorphic Elements

Probabilistic Computing With Neuromorphic Elements 150 150
Author(s): Zonglong Li, Laurie E. Calvet

Abstract:

This article presents a compact and low-power approach to probabilistic inference based on time-domain analog computation. The proposed system implements a Bayesian classifier using neuromorphic circuit elements simulated in a 130-nm CMOS technology. Probabilities are encoded in the duty cycle of deterministic spiking signals generated by neuron circuits, while likelihood …

Published in: IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits
Page(s): 167 – 175
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 2329-9231
DOI: 10.1109/JXCDC.2026.3712198
Publisher: IEEE

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Topology-Aware Layout Design for Area-Decoupled Transistor Sizing in Multitier CFET SRAM

Topology-Aware Layout Design for Area-Decoupled Transistor Sizing in Multitier CFET SRAM 150 150
Author(s): Yutian Zhang, Jiaquan Fang, Khawar Sarfraz, Mansun Chan

Abstract:

This work shows that a multitier complementary FET (CFET) static random access memory (SRAM) can decouple the area term from PPA-oriented transistor sizing. A topology-aware layout design is used to construct orthogonal and point-symmetric multitier CFET SRAM cells under 1-nm-class design rules, enabling high-density (HD), high-performance (HP), and high-current (HC) …

Published in: IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits
Page(s): 159 – 166
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 2329-9231
DOI: 10.1109/JXCDC.2026.3709007
Publisher: IEEE

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Open DRAM Model—Part I: Cross-Layer Device, Array, and Circuit Analysis With BL-to-BL Coupling Mitigation for 4F2 VCT DRAM

Open DRAM Model—Part I: Cross-Layer Device, Array, and Circuit Analysis With BL-to-BL Coupling Mitigation for 4F2 VCT DRAM 150 150
Author(s): Kiseok Lee, Seongkwang Lim, Suman Datta, Shimeng Yu

Abstract:

Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) scaling toward 4F2 vertical channel transistors (VCTs) fundamentally reshapes device, array, and circuit-level design tradeoffs. However, the lack of an open-source DRAM device model that is calibrated with recent industry trends prohibits broader innovations in the research community. In this work, we present an “Open …

Published in: IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits
Page(s): 135 – 143
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 2329-9231
DOI: 10.1109/JXCDC.2026.3704358
Publisher: IEEE

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Open DRAM Model—Part II: Enabling Processing-in-Memory in 3-D DRAM

Open DRAM Model—Part II: Enabling Processing-in-Memory in 3-D DRAM 150 150
Author(s): Kiseok Lee, Seongkwang Lim, Suman Datta, Shimeng Yu

Abstract:

Processing-in-memory (PIM) by implementing Boolean logic functions in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) has been proposed to alleviate the memory wall problem in data-intensive computing. However, quantitatively evaluating DRAM-based logic operations across different DRAM architectures remains challenging due to the lack of publicly available DRAM cell and peripheral transistor models …

Published in: IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits
Page(s): 144 – 152
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 2329-9231
DOI: 10.1109/JXCDC.2026.3704508
Publisher: IEEE

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Self-Heating and Parasitic Effects in Multi-Tier CFET Design

Self-Heating and Parasitic Effects in Multi-Tier CFET Design 150 150
Author(s): Sufia Shahin, Mahdi Benkhelifa, Yogesh Singh Chauhan, Hussam Amrouch

Abstract:

In this article, we study the impact of self-heating effects (SHEs) and middle of line (MOL) and back-end of line (BEOL) induced parasitics on multi-tier CFET design, where multiple nanosheet devices are vertically stacked. We analyze and compare the four-tier complementary FET (CFET) design with the conventional two-tier CFET, using …

Published in: IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits
Page(s): 153 – 158
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 2329-9231
DOI: 10.1109/JXCDC.2026.3704373
Publisher: IEEE

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A3D-MoE: Acceleration of Large Language Models With Mixture of Experts via 3-D Heterogeneous Integration

A3D-MoE: Acceleration of Large Language Models With Mixture of Experts via 3-D Heterogeneous Integration 150 150
Author(s): Wei-Hsing Huang, Janak Sharda, Cheng-Jhih Shih, Yuyao Kong, Faaiq Waqar, Pin-Jun Chen, Yingyan Lin, Shimeng Yu

Abstract:

Conventional large language models (LLMs) have large parameter sets, making inference costly and energy-intensive; mixture-of-experts (MoEs) mitigates this by activating fewer weights per token, but fine-grained MoE LLMs still face runtime workload variability, inefficient conventional scheduling, and high bandwidth memory (HBM) loading energy/bandwidth demands. A3D-MoE addresses these with 3…

Published in: IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits
Page(s): 176 – 184
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 2329-9231
DOI: 10.1109/JXCDC.2026.3713957
Publisher: IEEE

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Leveraging a Passive MRAM Crossbar for Hardware-in-the-Loop and Continual learning

Leveraging a Passive MRAM Crossbar for Hardware-in-the-Loop and Continual learning 150 150
Author(s): M. Drouhin, M. Grelier, M. Deroo, Y. Sassi, E. Monteblanco, N. Davila, G. Mihajlović, R. V. Chopdekar, T. S. Santos, J. A. Katine, D. Ravelosona

Abstract:

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have enabled major advances in artificial intelligence, yet their growing computational and energy demands challenge conventional von Neumann architectures due to the costly separation of memory and processing. In-memory computing has emerged as a promising solution, particularly through memristive crossbar arrays capable of performing multiply-and-accumulate operations …

Published in: IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits
Page(s): 129 – 134
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 2329-9231
DOI: 10.1109/JXCDC.2026.3702001
Publisher: IEEE

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P-Dits for the Frequency Assignment Problem With Transmitter Deactivation in Dense Environments

P-Dits for the Frequency Assignment Problem With Transmitter Deactivation in Dense Environments 150 150
Author(s): Christian Duffee, Jordan Athas, Igor Kadota, Randall Berry, Pedram Khalili Amiri

Abstract:

The frequency assignment problem is a nondeterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard) optimization problem concerning the assignment of frequency channels to wireless transmitters. Typically, the aim is to minimize interference between transmitters while maintaining a high level of service. In this work, the use of probabilistic d-dimensional bits, or p-dits, for this …

Published in: IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits
Page(s): 78 – 85
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 2329-9231
DOI: 10.1109/JXCDC.2026.3690563
Publisher: IEEE

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