Abstract:
This article presents a 0.4-V 32 kHz pulse-injection (PI) temperature-compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO) that incorporates subcycle capacitive load ( $C_{\text {L}}$ ) modulation for frequency compensation. The proposed TCXO compensates for the crystal’s frequency deviation ( $\Delta f$ ) by dynamically adjusting the enabling duration of the additional $C_{\text {L}}$ within each …