single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)

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A 96 × 64 SPAD LiDAR Sensor With 6× Imaging FoM Promotion by AI-Assisted Fusion of 2-D and Edge-Guided Sparse 3-D Detection

A 96 × 64 SPAD LiDAR Sensor With 6× Imaging FoM Promotion by AI-Assisted Fusion of 2-D and Edge-Guided Sparse 3-D Detection 150 150
Author(s): Bu Chen, Qi Zheng, Zikun Cai, Hankun Lv, Jingyi Wang, Jun Han, Zhangcheng Huang, Jianlu Wang, Qi Liu, Ming Liu

Abstract:

Flash-mode direct time-of-flight (dToF) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is widely adopted in autonomous systems and robotics due to its capability for accurate depth measurement and robustness under challenging lighting conditions. However, scaling single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-based dToF pixel arrays toward higher resolution 3-D imaging introduces significant challenges in …

Published in: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Page(s): 1 – 15
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 1558-173X
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2026.3714508
Publisher: IEEE

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A 65-nm CMOS Machine-Learning-Enhanced Bandwidth-Efficient LiDAR

A 65-nm CMOS Machine-Learning-Enhanced Bandwidth-Efficient LiDAR 150 150
Author(s): Pooya Poolad, Foad Arvani, Bahaa Radi, Ping-Hsuan Hsieh, Tony Chan Carusone

Abstract:

We present a proof-of-concept light detection and ranging (LiDAR) signal processing architecture that integrates a machine-learning-enhanced processing unit (PU) with on-chip time-to-digital converters (TDCs) to reduce bandwidth and memory requirements in SPAD-based direct time-of-flight (dToF) systems. The proposed architecture fits a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to photon arrival time distributions …

Published in: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Page(s): 1 – 11
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 1558-173X
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2026.3652972
Publisher: IEEE

View on IEEE Xplore

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