K/Ka-Band Hybrid-Packaged Four-Element Four-Beam Phased-Array Transmitter and Receiver Front-Ends With Optimized Beamforming Passive Networks
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Abstract:
This article presents K/Ka-band four-element four-beam phased-array transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) front-ends. Hybrid-packaged technology is employed, consisting of one TX/RX 65-nm CMOS beamformer and four 0.1- $mu$ m GaAs power amplifiers (PAs)/low-noise amplifiers (LNAs). Each beam maintains a full connection to every antenna element without degrading …