four-level amplitude modulation (PAM-4)

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A 12-Gb/s Source-Synchronous Single-Ended PAM-4 Transceiver With Background Adaptive Crosstalk Equalization in 28-nm CMOS

A 12-Gb/s Source-Synchronous Single-Ended PAM-4 Transceiver With Background Adaptive Crosstalk Equalization in 28-nm CMOS 150 150
Author(s): DongArm Shin, Kuy Youn Chung, Sihoon Yang, SeongHwan Cho

Abstract:

This article presents a background adaptive crosstalk (XT) equalization technique for a single-endedfour-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) interface to maintain accurate XT cancellation (XTC) under environmental variations. A least-mean-square (LMS) adaptation loop adjusts the XT equalizer using a source-synchronous clock as an aggressor reference uncorrelated with the victim. At the …

Published in: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Page(s): 5409 – 5420
Year of Publication: 2026
Electronic ISSN: 1558-173X
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2026.3712021
Publisher: IEEE

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A 4 × 224 Gb/s Single-Ended PAM-4 Transceiver Front-End With Noise Suppression Technique and Cascaded Equalizers in 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS

A 4 × 224 Gb/s Single-Ended PAM-4 Transceiver Front-End With Noise Suppression Technique and Cascaded Equalizers in 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS 150 150
Author(s): Xiongshi Luo, Xuewei You, Zhenghao Li, Hongzhi Wu, Yangyi Zhang, Fuzhan Chen, Xuxu Cheng, Wentao Zhou, Quan Pan

Abstract:

A dc-coupled analog single-ended (SE) transceiver (TRX) front-end supporting 224 Gb/s/lane is presented. It features SE-to-differential (S2D) and differential-to-SE (D2S) conversion, power-efficient broadband analog equalization, and noise suppression. Both the transmitter and receiver front-ends adopt pseudodifferential structures with dual-loop regulators to achieve a high power supply rejection …

Published in: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Page(s): 1 – 10
Year of Publication: 2025
Electronic ISSN: 1558-173X
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2025.3644437
Publisher: IEEE

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