complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits

A 1.54-pJ/b 64-Gb/s 16-QAM Intradyne Coherent Optical Receiver in 28-nm CMOS

A 1.54-pJ/b 64-Gb/s 16-QAM Intradyne Coherent Optical Receiver in 28-nm CMOS 150 150

Abstract:

The rapid growth of data-intensive applications in modern data centers is driving demand for scalable, high-speed, and energy-efficient optical interconnects. Traditional noncoherent modulation schemes, such as pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), are reaching their scalability limits at higher data rates, making coherent detection increasingly attractive due to its higher spectral efficiency. …

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